speaking and listening: evaluating a speaker quizlet

Youll want to avoid noise, interruptions, and other external distractions, but its important to minimize your internal distractions as well. Psychological noise like stress and anger interfere primarily with the cognitive processes of listening. In this example, our coauthor had difficulty receiving the message because of the external noise. Click the card to flip use a shorthand version of writing Click the card to flip 1 / 10 Back-channel cues are the verbal and nonverbal signals we send while someone is talking and can consist of verbal cues like uh-huh, oh, and right, and/or nonverbal cues like direct eye contact, head nods, and leaning forward. The most well-known example of a Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) occurred in South Africa as a way to address the various conflicts that occurred during apartheid (Department of Justice and Constitutional Development, 2012). We should keep in mind that sometimes others just need to be heard and our feedback isnt actually desired. Even the most open-minded listeners will have opinions of a speaker, and those opinions will influence how the message is evaluated. Americans must remain faithful to ideals. Some listening scholars note that critical listening represents the deepest level of listening (Floyd, 1985). For whatever. Sympathy is generally more self-oriented and distant than empathy (Bruneau, 1993). At this stage, we are still only hearing the message. It also allows the student to make a fair number of errors, as long as they're maintaining clear communication that the teacher can follow. Which is the best way for Kayla to take clear and effective notes without missing what the speaker is saying? People are more likely to evaluate a message positively if the speaker speaks clearly, presents ideas logically, and gives reasons to support the points made. The consequences of ineffective listening in a classroom can be much worse. The following list reviews some of the main functions of listening that are relevant in multiple contexts. Getting integrated: Identify how critical listening might be useful for you in each of the following contexts: academic, professional, personal, and civic. We evaluate the worth of a message by making a value judgment about whether we think the message or idea is good/bad, right/wrong, or desirable/undesirable. While the exchanges between judge and contestant on these shows is expected to be subjective and critical, critical listening is also important when listening to speakers that have stated or implied objectivity, such as parents, teachers, political leaders, doctors, and religious leaders. Studying communication is a great way to build your critical thinking skills, because you learn much more about the taken-for-granted aspects of how communication works, which gives you tools to analyze and critique messages, senders, and contexts. This will require conscious effort! Arrive a few minutes early to acclimate yourself if you are having a meeting in a new place. Listening is the learned process of receiving, interpreting, recalling, evaluating, and responding to verbal and nonverbal messages. Recall that salience is the degree to which something attracts our attention in a particular context and that we tend to find salient things that are visually or audibly stimulating and things that meet our needs or interests. Other research finds that people often still revert back to a single preferred style in times of emotional or cognitive stress, even if they know a different style of listening would be better (Worthington, 2003). Notice in Figure 4.3 Stages of Feedback that this stage is represented by the ear because it is the primary tool involved with this stage of the listening process. The study of ethics in human communication is hardly a recent endeavor. Stand up, Speak out by University of Minnesota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. We forget about half of what we hear immediately after hearing it, recall 35 percent after eight hours, and recall 20 percent after a day (Hargie, 2011). When this happens, take a moment to listen closely. he is trying to call attention to the issue. Americans must continue this journey. Back-channel cues are generally a form of positive feedback that indicates others are actively listening. 1.2 The Process of Public Speaking - Stand up, Speak out 1.2 The Process of Public Speaking Learning Objectives Identify the three components of getting your message across to others. Paraphrasing is also a good tool to use in computer-mediated communication, especially since miscommunication can occur due to a lack of nonverbal and other contextual cues. Which is the best way for Kayla to take clear and effective notes without missing what the speaker is saying? We will learn more about how gender and listening intersect in Section 5 Listening and Gender. Ask for a description of an image or images to test a wide range of skills. 2. to persuade people to unite behind him. When we evaluate something, we make judgments about its credibility, completeness, and worth. He is trying to call attention to the issue. Like the communication process, listening has cognitive, behavioral, and relational elements and doesnt unfold in a linear, step-by-step fashion. Take shorthand notes as you listen critically to part of President Barack Obama's inaugural address. Before Cambria entered the arena to watch the speech, she decided to turn her cell phone off. These perceptual filters also play a role in listening. About, Greensboro Truth and Reconciliation Commission website, accessed July 13, 2012. This type of assessment not only requires the student to speak English, but it also requires them to listen, comprehend, and respond to questions. Speaking and Listening: Evaluating a Speaker 10 terms Katie_Shrock Recommended textbook solutions The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric 2nd Edition ISBN: 9780312676506 Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses 661 solutions Technical Writing for Success Nonverbal cues, such as tone of voice, facial expression, and body language, are usually where the motivation and emotion behind the words is expressed. Check the two boxes that apply. In other cases, a speaker may be attempting to persuade you to donate to a charity, so if the speaker passes a bucket and you make a donation, you are providing feedback on the speakers effectiveness. JD Lasica Business call CC BY-NC 2.0. 3.2 All Anxiety Is Not the Same: Sources of Communication Apprehension, 9.2 The Attention-Getter: The First Step of an Introduction, 9.3 Putting It Together: Steps to Complete Your Introduction, 14.2 Speaking Contexts That Affect Delivery, 14.4 Practicing for Successful Speech Delivery, 15.4 Tips for Preparing Presentation Aids, Appendix: 2. As stimuli are organized and interpreted, they make their way to short-term memory where they either expire and are forgotten or are transferred to long-term memory. Formative feedback is given while the speaker is engaged in the act of speech making. For example, say you have made plans with your friends to meet at a certain movie theater, but you arrive and nobody else shows up. 07.01 Evaluating a Speaker - 07 Evaluating a Speaker Worksheet Element of the Speech What the - Studocu Argument and poetry in english history. Explain the remembering stage of listening. Unlike time-oriented listeners, action-oriented listeners are not as likely to cut people off (especially if people are presenting relevant information) and are not as likely to take short cuts. We might be thinking, This makes sense or, conversely, This is very odd. Because everyone embodies biases and perspectives learned from widely diverse sets of life experiences, evaluations of the same message can vary widely from one listener to another. Although we dont often think about visual cues as a part of listening, they influence how we interpret messages. When using working memory, we can temporarily store information and process and use it at the same time. Poor listening skills, lack of conciseness, and inability to give constructive feedback have been identified as potential communication challenges in professional contexts. Through the process of comparing new information with old information, we may also update or revise particular schemata if we find the new information relevant and credible. Not all response occurs at the end of the message. For example, when we listen to empathize with others, our communication will likely be supportive and open, which will then lead the other person to feel heard and supported and hopefully view the interaction positively (Bodie & Villaume, 2003). Hearing If you have hearing loss, be honest about it. . Qualities like humility and moderation. Summative feedback is given at the end of the communication. Highly complex messages that are filled with detail call for highly developed listening skills. 4.1 Listening vs. As president of the Student Council for two years now, I think that it is time we try to establish a better system for spending our funds. The opposite kind of feedback is given by students who gather their belongings and rush out the door as soon as class is over. Our nation is at war, against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred. As the speaker delivers the message, a listener signals his or her involvement with focused attention, note-taking, nodding, and other behaviors that indicate understanding or failure to understand the message. Action-oriented listeners can be thought of as builderslike an engineer, a construction site foreperson, or a skilled project manager. Below is a breakdown of these subskills along with recommendations for what to do if youre struggling with any one of them. Many quizzes and tests in school are based on recall and are often used to assess how well students comprehended information presented in class, which is seen as an indication of how well they listened. What is President Obama's purpose in this part of the speech? While hearing leads to listening, they are not the same thing. Ideally, judges and politicians would also possess these characteristics. to engage in negotiation, dialogue, or other exchanges that result in shared understanding of or agreement on an issue. In other situations, such as interpersonal communication, action-oriented listeners may not actually be very interested in listening, instead taking a What do you want me to do? approach. Which is the best way for Kayla to take clear and effective notes without missing what the speaker is saying? The responding stage of listening occurs when a listener provides verbal or nonverbal feedback about the speaker or message. In response, Congress passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 in an effort to reduce the possibility of similar financial disasters. Help break that stigma. In the centuries since Plato's time, an entire subfield within . Be as specific as you can to put students at ease. Julia wants to be sure that she can listen effectively to the speaker at the town hall meeting. A. Would it be better to try to examine all Good listeners have learned to refrain from making these judgments and instead to focus on the speakers meanings. It is important to consider noise as a factor that influences how we receive messages. Action-oriented listeners prefer listening to well-organized and precise information and are more concerned about solving an issue than they are about supporting the speaker. How did you know your message had been misunderstood or rejected? Since retention and recall are important components of informational listening, good concentration and memory skills are key.

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