how to convert magnetic azimuth to grid azimuth

To convert this UTM Grid North direction to a True North direction, you must apply the grid convergence to the calculated UTM Grid North direction. This is easy to remember. (4) Convert the magnetic azimuth to a grid azimuth. hbbd``b`@) Dl;@D#` n%"~1Ll %` ( Using it is pretty simple: Place the center over the point on the map youre using to determine which azimuth youre going to travel on, square the protractor to *3"0sp=Tq-#wS^v\qC50-h "9Y`l/&w&;O:XT Z,UtBy5tl_nHyUB{&Nqe#RT2,Z`MG1 d However, the sum of the geodetic azimuths (in green) at station Fink and station D266 is not 360 degrees. 100 - 80 = 20 Susan is 20 degrees off course. easterly or westerly G-M angle. The closer the point is to the grid central meridian and to the equator, the smaller the correction. Rotate the straightedge until the known position on the map is aligned with the known position on the ground. What north and how? %PDF-1.5 % b. \ P]0oY_&@*rX +Fd$Jc&ym?krede QqMwz%l(Yy 3i%[\ V. Conversely, if its West, Magnetic North is West of your location. To convert a magnetic azimuth to grid azimuth, subtract G-M angle. If you have a magnetic azimuth of 270 degrees, and the G-M angle is 8 degrees, your Converting to a magnetic azimuth on a map. ]od`l`hPh``` " K053NRhU@$4 ;3t0$202EV1/bera`9~H20D(Uf TO I really hate to stir the pot but--. I never got lost and would find all the points giving by getting close and following the trails to them. _:-"U-?Y E_t=++k xUM0#hWgK G!(l9Rq[L1yfzYjz`W^7]>o_vz{a}Kt;8X 9ngA>A))(&J%qWI H-5dEC{,O^fa< nY&j!5bA w}C|3nq{ceUxc0P }*%9M4.e$$""U rQ1md6G+ a :mB>8a/7Z's?9hd-VyH"a.9QEhd?SGq9~*OO.fM&:CEY) Thatll be covered in one of the next posts on this subject. All the convergence angles west of the Central Meridian are negative. words, an object moved in the direction of 223 degrees (Southwest (a) Draw a line connecting the two points (A and B). Figure 6-9. 5 0 obj (d) Remove the protractor and draw a line connecting the known point and the mark on the map. This angle is the difference between the north and the magnetic Web(1) Look at the declination diagram and determine the direction between the line representing grid north and the line representing magnetic north. For mils, if the azimuth is less than 3200mils, add 3200 mils, if the azimuth is more than 3200 mils, subtract 3200 mils. Several field-expedient methods to determine direction are discussed in Chapter 9, paragraph 5. Neither points straight at the North Polethat is called true north. However, it is not necessary to know where true north is to avoid getting lost in a combat area. Do Eric benet and Lisa bonet have a child together? (e) Complete the diagram by drawing an arc from each reference line to the arbitrary line. You need to know that if your declination is East, it means that Magnetic North is East of your location. When using it. This sign convention is not necessarily the same for all contractors and should be clearly communicated and understood before drilling begins. endstream endobj 1784 0 obj <>stream (b) From the base of the grid-north line (prong), draw an arbitrary line (or any azimuth line) at a roughly right angle to north, regardless of the actual value of the azimuth in degrees (Figure 6-9). You see over here on the right at station Fink, the convergence is plus 17.2 arcseconds. endstream endobj 1785 0 obj <>stream An azimuth is defined as a horizontal angle measured clockwise from a north base line. The degree scale is graduated from 0 to 360 degrees; each tick mark on the degree scale represents one degree. Back Azimuth. 6 0 obj This means that, at zero cost to you, I will earn an affiliate commission if you click through the link and finalize a purchase. Do you have pictures of Gracie Thompson from the movie Gracie's choice? Magnetic readings are obtained with magnetic instruments, such as lensatic and M2 compasses. This gives you a grid azimuth of 77 degrees. Since we dont navigate by stars much anymore we really only care about grid north (what the map says) and magnetic north (what the compass says). is, must be between zero and 360 degrees. Using LARS, convert to a grid azimuth. A relationship can be established between degrees and mils. You will find that every zone in a State Plane coordinate system has a central meridian. In this post, were going to look at the how and why of converting grid (or map) azimuths/bearings to magnetic azimuths/bearings and vice versa. While the relative positions of the prongs are correct, they are seldom plotted to scale. the back azimuth, and 3) the correct back azimuth must be in the Therefore, b. The magnetic azimuth is determined by using magnetic instruments, such as lensatic and M2 compasses. This equationmustbe memorized if you dont have a declination adjustable compass in order to stay accurate and end up on or near the coordinate youre aiming for on the last leg of your navigation. a. Figure 6-13. Azimuths are conventionally measured in a clockwise direction from north with 0 degrees corresponding with north, 90 degrees east and 180 degrees south. endobj It explains the use of some field-expedient methods to find directions, the declination diagram, and the conversion of azimuths from grid to magnetic and vice versa. When an azimuth is plotted on a map between point A (starting point) and point B (ending point), the points are joined together by a straight line. A simple mathematical mistake could cause disastrous consequences. The chosen sign convention displays Grid North as "x" number of degrees east or west of True North. For now lets say youre using a USGI Lensatic or other compass that does not have the Declination Adjustment feature. (2) Locate and mark your position on the map. Figure 4. Values of magnetic declination change with time and location. The most common unit of measure is the degree () with its subdivisions of minutes () and seconds (). While this seems a simple task, misunderstandings surrounding the relationship between these references can cause a target to be missed. a. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 10 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 1>> On the left, at station D266, the convergence is minus 40.0 arcseconds. When magnetic results are recorded, the declination and the date must be included. The magnetic declination correction is the angle between the horizontal component of the earth's magnetic field lines and the lines of longitude. Using LARS, convert to a grid azimuth. It also includes some advanced aspects of map reading, such as intersection, resection, modified resection, and polar plots. To convert degrees to mils, multiply degrees by 17.78. c. Grad. <> (2) Put your finger on the grid north line, now move it to the magnetic north line. (See paragraph 6-6.). The angle can be clockwise or counter clockwise from True North to Grid North. Draw an arrow pointing east (azimuth of 90) for an arbitrary borehole azimuth reference. xVr0}+$7-)NCRL^*Y_ Dd"]IQvta2wIqr dC;[yTPu&QiFc@Lh&%\IL me)_0XbHVz$cX\?h*L4KAWF!!T! When using the map and compass method (Figure 6-18). It is comparable to doing about face. To obtain a back azimuth from an azimuth, add 180degrees if the azimuth is 180 degrees or less, or subtract 180 degrees if the azimuth is 180degrees or more (Figure 6-3). GM Angle= 7W 2. is the correct back azimuth. This value is expressed to the nearest 1/2 degree, with mil equivalents shown to the nearest 10 mils. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> c. Field-Expedient Methods. 3 0 obj The Pennsylvania State University 2020, GPS and GNSS for Geospatial Professionals, Lesson 6: State Plane Coordinates and Heights, State Plane Coordinate Zones 1983, False Eastings and Scale, Lesson 7: Static Global Positioning System Surveying, Lesson 8: Real-Time Global Positioning System Surveying, Lesson 10: Global Navigation Satellite Systems and the Future, Repository of Open and Affordable Materials, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, John A. Dutton Institute for Teaching and Learning Excellence, Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science, Earth and Environmental Systems Institute, Earth and Mineral SciencesEnergy Institute, iMPS in Renewable Energy and Sustainability Policy Program Office, BA in Energy and Sustainability Policy Program Office, 2217 Earth and Engineering Sciences Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802. knowledge that 1) the back azimuth is the opposite direction of the This north base line could be true north, magnetic north, or grid north. How Many Morphemes Are In The Word Telegram, How Have Attitudes Towards Immigrants Changed Over Time. Add the GM angle to convert a grid azimuth into a magnetic azimuth. be Northeast relatively.) Its the little black pincer looking thing. If you plot your grid azimuth on a map and it reads (for example), 180 degrees (GAZ), and you know your local declination is 15 degrees East, and you wish to convert your GAZ to a MAZ, simply subtract the Declination of 15 degrees and youll have a 165 MAZ, or magnetic azimuth that you can use with your compass. Its a familiarity thing for me. %PDF-1.4 (c) Make a mark on the map at the desired azimuth. Military personnel need a way of expressing direction that is accurate, is adaptable to any part of the world, and has a common unit of measure. The most commonly used are magnetic and grid. Alaska is more from what I recall. (1) Place the protractor index where the azimuth line cuts a north-south grid line, aligning the base line of the protractor directly over the intersection of the azimuth line with the north-south grid line. Is kanodia comes under schedule caste if no then which caste it is? Most well proposals are generated from rectangular coordinates derived from the UTM or local grid system. Count the number of degrees from the 0-degree mark at the top of the protractor to this north-south grid line and then count the number of degrees from the 180-degree mark at the bottom of the protractor to this same grid line. Since the location of magnetic north does not correspond exactly with the grid-north lines on the maps, a conversion from magnetic to grid or vice versa is needed. a. (5) Convert the grid azimuth to a back azimuth. <> It also may be convenient to construct a G-M angle conversion table on the margin of the map. hb```$O eah``dFg9-GbEi|x The declination diagram is used for these conversions. Known= 270 mag 3. On medium-scale maps, the declination information is shown by a note in the map margin. and G.O.M.A when applying the magnetic declination of the geographical area youre in. <> b. Grid-Magnetic Angle. Figure 6-12. Determine the grid coordinates to the desired accuracy (Figure 6-17). Resection with straightedge. What is sunshine DVD access code jenna jameson? Disclosure: Some of the links above are affiliate links. Convert azimuths when given a westerly G-M angle (Figure 071-329-1009-4). When working with the UTM system, the calculated direction between two UTM coordinates is referenced to Grid North. Determine the grid coordinates to the desired accuracy. (b) Place the index of the protractor at the point where the drawn line crosses a vertical (north-south) grid line. When an azimuth is plotted between point A (beginning) and point B on a map, it is called a grid. GN 4 3 1. a. To convert a grid azimuth to a magnetic azimuth, add the G-M angle. The user should be able to determine whether the initial azimuth reading was correct. Subtract the calculated backsight reading from the original azimuth reading. hTak0+VtHpfePAKcH`#IqIz;KYAA"&8$@,(.Q5{u>-q 1"ora-H>:PB6GDE]>>^M&i6)}}}qfWY@vk endobj Left Add, Right Subtract. % If you moved left you should add the angle between grid and magnetic; if you moved right, you should subtract. (7) The location of the unknown position is where the lines cross on the map. The John A. Dutton Institute for Teaching and Learning Excellence is the learning design unit of the College of Earth and Mineral Sciences at The Pennsylvania State University. There are several types of protractorsfull circle, half circle, square, and rectangular (Figure 6-5). b. Mil. hbbd``b` @ b*? exceeds the range of the compass, so 403 degrees cannot be the The grid north for a particular map is usually chosen so that it deviates very little from the true north]. The rules for converting azimuth angle to true azimuth are summarised in the following table: Examples: If latitude is 55 o N, LHA is 145 o and azimuth angle is 120 o then true azimuth is 360 o Z i.e. <> WebStep 1. xr0A{K;M64%X GqJ8u_~E ,E}\x6%aX@Bl8p You Brilliant people, who have, Below, we explain the trend for those non-Spanish speaking/understanding viewers Thankfully, @babycakes607 explained the trend, In William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet the character Mercutio is prosaic about love and considers, Hostility to immigrants isnt new to the United States. This circle is divided into 360 degrees or 6400 mils (Appendix G). a. ^ni`H2pI35%S8lKXoboAJXT/k]3 @[J =0^6yQNSW$it!LI # L-(Inu6QwEh^F% { yBeDS#5HXM5B^*`Flm5^TQR!j.AzS!OZhkO\%[mk|lq#N. Here in the East it is about 7degrees west declination. WebThe University of Akron : YOU BELONG HERE! There is true north (the northern axis around which the earth rotates), magnetic north (the direction compasses point, which changes slightly every year) and grid north (the somewhat arbitrary point where all of your grid lines would converge if your map could extend all the way to the North Pole. 1790 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<2B0C2CAC99B5C942A1B86AECE94C0B5C>]/Index[1778 23]/Info 1777 0 R/Length 68/Prev 337901/Root 1779 0 R/Size 1801/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream A grid correction converts azimuth readings between the True North systems and the specified grid system. *!o$8EAbMZIU&G3V`o! OtoPro SoundGear Phantom and Impulse Review, Vortex Razor HD 4000 GB Rangefinder Review, Toric UHD 2.5-15x44mm FFP Hunt Series Riflescope Review, Hunting Big Mule Deer after Mid-October with Cliff Gray. For example, when you convert the geographic coordinates latitude N 30 00' 00" and longitude W 95 00' 00" to UTM coordinates (using the Hayford Inter-national - 1924 Ellipsoid), the computer will display the following results: UTM Coordinates: Hemisphere = North Zone = 15. Using knowledge point #3 above, the correct result will be the This is a direct result of the geodetic north lines converging. endobj One note provides instructions for converting magnetic azimuth to grid azimuth; the other, for converting grid azimuth to magnetic azimuth. A rule to remember when solving such problems is this: Nomatter where the azimuth line points, the angle to it is always measured clockwise from the reference direction (base line). When using an azimuth, the point from which the azimuth originates is the center of an imaginary circle (Figure 6-2). Now, how true that was I don't know. b. Tipsy Tuesday: Cold Bow Challenge, Gear Reviews, And The Latest Hunting News! If a mistake is made and the reading is taken from the ending point, the grid azimuth will be opposite, thus causing the user to go in the wrong direction. The G-M angle is important to the map reader/land navigator because azimuths translated between map and ground will be in error by the size of the declination angle if not adjusted for it. f. The location of the user is where the line crosses the linear feature. On a plane surface this would be the shortest distance between two points]. Going from the known (line Resection is the method of locating ones position on a map by determining the grid azimuth to at least two well-defined locations that can be pinpointed on the map. 8 0 obj <>stream Therefore, there is a value, shown here in blue, called convergence. A circle equals 6400 mils divided by 360 degrees, or 17.78 mils per degree. E:ICHfO3di:z|sPKP#2~=u!3)_%BMk;"TVeWm9e4=5_5u=-8Cl6jY2*{d~[2fn3P7xkd. Meridians converge on the surface of the Earth. Underneath the compass is a small standard screw slot that an accompanying tool will adjust to whatever your declination is, East or West. Flying a plane for instance. Your The mil expresses the size of an angle formed when a circle is divided into 6,400 angles, with the vertex of the angles at the center of the circle. Using a protractor, draw a line for the back azimuth on the map from the known position back toward your unknown position. (c) Convert a magnetic azimuth when the G-M angle is greater than the magnetic azimuth (Figure 6-15). 8 0 obj WebAzimuth is the angle in the horizontal plane between north and the drillholes direction (or bearing) at the survey station. True north is usually represented by a star (Figure 6-1). The most accurate method to determine local declination is to measure the magnetic field with a magnetic transit. Where the base line intersects the horizontal line, between 90 and 270 degrees, is the index or center of the protractor (Figure 6-6). If you know who Lars Ulrich is, you can convert your azimuths. endstream (3) Note that the protractor is cut at both the top and bottom by the same north-south grid line. Converting to a grid azimuth when the G-M angle is greater. Using the laser range finder to determine the range enhances your accuracy in determining the unknown positions location. (2) Without Notes. Converting to a magnetic azimuth when the G-M angle is greater. Grid convergence as calculated by the directional software package is the angular difference in degrees between True North and UTM Grid North. kq_! Consider that if the object was magnetically due north of you (0 degrees magnetic), then physically it would have to be 12 degrees east of Grid North [Noun. Its easy to find if youre back at home, but they can be tricky in unfamiliar territory! With this in mind, the following procedure is suggested: True North azimuth will equal 90; Magnetic azimuth will equal 90 plus/minus declination; Grid azimuth will equal 90 plus/minus grid convergence. Magnetic declination correction converts azimuth values between the Magnetic North and True North systems. There are 180 140 = 40 degrees between the South and the point, therefore the quadrant bearing is S40E. The graphic below demonstrates for both East & West Declination. The azimuth or bearing is a line you draw through the four cardinal directions. 4. azimuth and 2) 180 degrees either added or subtracted will yield An azimuth is defined as a horizontal angle measured clockwise from a north base line. The direction to the north magnetic pole, as indicated by the north-seeking needle of a magnetic instrument. range of zero to 360 degrees. 10 0 obj endobj The following elements must be present when using polar coordinates (Figure 6-21). Azimuth and A = Azimuth, (4) Draw a line along the straight edge. Convergence is the difference between geodetic north and grid north. WebTO CONVERT A MAGNETIC AZIMUTH TOA GRID AZIMUTH ADD G-M ANGLE 0-95 ro GIVE A STANDARD REFERENCE ON THIS SHEET TO NEAREST 100 METERS tifying Webgrid azimuth = (magnetic azimuth + magnetic declination) + grid convergence (#3) To convert from a grid azimuth to a magnetic azimuth substitute from relationship #1 into Depending on what your doing it can matter a lot. Notice that, in both cases, that grid north is exactly parallel with the central meridian. SW3id?hbE6[sp7D4$r0 aMe]Vbb(`Q(>?`PD\aTP,B1AlF~y`ZYUCEq0[@P,NydOEIvyX/Syzvq6Yln?ZHl(IB.oEL+TaS(9.q"T:.'0z "%% N]A']FzXez}+|2AItw~jj$F;ZtXLH-M\aHz'4J/aT,2 !tg*NyRe6lZ7{7uO4ynyA Intersection is the location of an unknown point by successively occupying at least two (preferably three) known positions on the ground and then map sighting on the unknown location. To determine the back azimuth all that is necessary is the 7 0 obj True North. Do not use the diagram to measure a numerical value. (3) Lay a straight edge on the map with one end at the users position (A) as a pivot point; then, rotate the straightedge until the unkown point is sighted along the edge. Theyre ok to use; theyre typically in 1:24,000 scale, and you need to ensure your map tools correspond in scale. Using a protractor, draw a line for the back azimuth on the map from the known position back toward your unknown position. WebTo convert a magnetic azimuth to a grid azimuth, add the value of the G-M angle to the magnetic azimuth. (b) To use a magnetic azimuth in ' vuxcwxXONIq$eC CRFRERH>QF4J#[~CO]U26#iB(V]vLa`'xLa1?Ro~& When using the straightedge method (Figure 6-19). To convert a magnetic azimuth to grid azimuth, subtract G-M angle. If you have a magnetic azimuth of 270 degrees, and the G-M angle is 8 degrees, your grid azimuth will be 262 degrees. This is a direct result of the grid north lines being parallel with each other. Determine the grid coordinates to the desired accuracy. Figure 6-7. The reason you need to subtract a value from grid to get magnetic is that there are actually multiple norths. The difference between magnetic north and grid north is often referred to as grid magnetic angle and it not only varies from place to place, but changes with time. Put your finger on the azimuth line you start with and move it toward the Determine the grid coordinates to the desired accuracy. On the Earth they are not parallel with each other. (6) Move to a second known point and repeat steps 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. : The University of Akron, Ohio Please send comments or suggestions on accessibility to the site editor. Hvg dKg|?s::ikP8> It uses the haversine formula, which is a formula used in spherical trigonometry. grid north (uncountable) The direction northwards along the grid lines of a map projection. Magnetic Declination models are updated every year. This is the grid direction line (azimuth). When using an azimuth, the point from which the azimuth originates is the center of an imaginary circle . Such procedure is important when working with a map for the first time. HMk@azp*@4X6{ Since 0 degree is the same as 360 degrees, then 2 degrees is the same as 362 degrees. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Declination is the angular difference between any two norths. Thus to convert from a magnetic bearing to a Grid North reference you would subtract 8 23. Doesn't matter if you're in the northern or southern hemisphere. With this in mind, the problem is solved by the following steps: (a) Draw a vertical or grid-north line (prong). yg! $RC ku,B:d k5(*(ig0;5o!` QuM^4oG-9Q[bG}1g_iulBewm|J""F]||0 endstream endobj startxref This method can be used at night. It is an arc, indicated by a dashed line, that connects the grid-north and magnetic-north prongs. Find a distant point that can be identified on the ground and on the map. Your email address will not be published. <> This value will be written in the map margin (in both degrees and mils) beside the diagram. Eight Digit: _____m 7) Convert a grid azimuth of 357 to a magnetic azimuth. stream First, a word about grid maps. How do you calculate Grid North to magnetic north? Figure 6-16. (f) The inclusion of the true-north prong in relationship to the conversion is of little importance. Refer to Chapter 9, paragraph 4, for details. Draw an arc from the grid prong to the magnetic prong and place the value of the G-M angle (Figure 6-9). e. Convert the grid azimuth to a back azimuth. Local values of magnetic declination should be stated in the well program to plus or minus 0.1O. There are two methods of intersection: the map and compass method and the straightedge method (Figures 6-16 and 6-17). Convert quadrant/bearing readings, including declination and grid convergence, to a 0-360 degrees azimuth system. Next, you must convert to a back azimuth. a. endobj 0 endobj (2) In the last post onMagnetic Declination, the impact it has on azimuth/bearing accuracy was described. PRECISION LIGHTWEIGHT GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM RECEIVER, Map Reading and Land Navigation REFERENCES. endobj All the convergence angles east of the Central Meridian are positive. Subtract the GM angle to convert a grid azimuth into a magnetic azimuth. H1k0F{t'B8)-t*d_JS'>!'nh6z B)b|mxG>]LW]^~Hlqg}/JT~Cn~ v&-?OM. Intersection, using a straightedge. Figure 6-15. a. endobj One way to do that is to get the updated magnetic field model of the earth from NOAA (or other sources) and write code to do this calculation based on the user Is Grid North the same as magnetic north? The name is derived from Old French or Spanish respectively: rumb or rumbo, a line on the chart which intersects all meridians at the same angle. More on that in the future. The simplest way available to man right now is to get a compass that has an declination adjustable feature, such as the Sunnto MC-3. ?101rT$ > ` Magnetic Azimuth = 90 degrees True Azimuth = Magnetic Azimuth + Declination True Azimuth = 90 + (-15) = 75 degrees Figure 6 Example 2 Grid Convergence Grid convergence is an angle between True North and Grid North. The formula used to convert a geodetic azimuth to a grid azimuth includes the convergence angle, and another element. When converting azimuths into back azimuths, extreme care should be exercised when adding or subtracting the 180 degrees. GM Angle= 7W 2. In Colorado, the central meridian is 105 degrees, 30 minutes West Longitude, as shown here, on the left you have station D266 and on the right, station Fink. (b) Place the protractor on the map with the index mark at the center of mass of the known point and the base line parallel to a north-south grid line. The conversion (whether to add or subtract) depends on whether your map has an. c. Grid North. Apply the mathematical formula to convert a magnetic azimuth to a grid azimuth. Do you add or substance when converting a grid azimuth to magnetic azimuth in the westerly GM angle? How do you convert Magnetic North to grid north? How to convert magnetic azimuth to grid azimuth. A method of locating or plotting an unknown position from a known point by giving a direction and a distance along that direction line is called polar coordinates. Ok, but your longitude lines on your map dont follow magnetic north/south, depending on your location. Known= 270 mag 3. Not sure your question can be answered. (4) Convert the magnetic azimuth to grid azimuth. True North (geographic North) - based on the earth's rotation around its axis and is used to describe relative direction. stream The directional software packages will at minimum handle UTM and Lambert conformal conic convergence. It can be expressed as right, left, straight ahead, and so forth; but then the question arises, To the right of what? This chapter defines the word azimuth and the three different norths. The north that is established by using the vertical grid lines on the map. The other choice, Ab = A + 180 = 223 + 180 = 403 degrees, (1) Orient the map on a flat surface by the terrain association method. (3) Lay a straightedge on the map using a known position as a pivot point. relatively), but now the desire is to reverse the travel in order Draw an arrow for Magnetic North using an exaggerated angle east or west of True North showing the declination angle (east declination is east of True North and west is west).

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