communist monarchy definition

The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition Leadership status is usually for life, and succession is often hereditary, although this is not always the case: The pope is an elected monarch, and the Malaysian sovereign rules only for five years. Indeed, scholars argue that the failure of these Cold War governments to adhere to the true ideals of communism combined with their trend toward left-wing authoritarianism contributed directly to the decline of communism in the late 20th century. The basis of this sex equality under primitive communism is easy to understand. English speakers generally use the word communism to talk about political and economic ideologies that find their origin in Karl Marxs theory of revolutionary socialism, which advocates a proletariat overthrow of capitalist structures within a society; societal and communal ownership and governance of the means of production; and the eventual establishment of a classless society. Communism. Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/communism. The term applies to states in which supreme authority is vested in the monarch, an individual ruler who functions as the head of state and who achieves his or her position through heredity. advocacy of a classless society in which private ownership has been abolished and the means of production and subsistence belong to the community, any social, economic, or political movement or doctrine aimed at achieving such a society, a political movement based upon the writings of Marx that considers history in terms of class conflict and revolutionary struggle, resulting eventually in the victory of the proletariat and the establishment of a socialist order based on public ownership of the means of production, a social order or system of government established by a ruling Communist Party, esp in the former Soviet Union, any leftist political activity or thought, esp when considered to be subversive, Top 10 international news stories of 2020, Does Anyone Really Know What Socialism Is? This association has led to use of the word Red to describe things involving communism (including, sometimes, in a derogatory way by those who oppose it). constitutional monarchy, system of government in which a monarch ( see monarchy) shares power with a constitutionally organized government. Communism, on the other hand, is generally based on the elimination of private property. Definition and Examples. Synonyms of communism 1 a : a system in which goods are owned in common and are available to all as needed b : a theory advocating elimination of private property 2 capitalized a : a doctrine based on revolutionary Marxian socialism and Marxism-Leninism that was the official ideology of the Soviet Union b William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 HarperCollins Instead of useable steel, the plan produce the Great Chinese Famine killed between 15 and 45 million people. As long lines at understocked grocery stores became a fixture of Soviet life, weak consumer spending became a drag on economic growth. Other fictional communistic utopias followed, notably City of the Sun (1623), by the Italian philosopher Tommaso Campanella, as did attempts to put communist ideas into practice. Theocracy - a form of government in which a Deity is recognized as the supreme civil ruler, but the Deity's laws are interpreted by ecclesiastical authorities (bishops, mullahs, etc. In the health sector, medical consultations were made free of charge with the help of Cuba, which provided doctors, and milk was distributed to pregnant women and children. Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Elections are banned, except in the former British colony of Hong Kong, where only candidates approved by the Communist Party are allowed to appear on the ballot. However, there are many varying interpretations as to what communism truly entails, and many common misconceptions related to it. Totalitarian - a government that seeks to subordinate the individual to the state by controlling not only all political and economic matters, but also the attitudes, values, and beliefs of its population. Omissions? When letters make sounds that aren't associated w One goose, two geese. The exact difference between communism and socialism has long been debated. While all five countries have authoritarian governments, their commitment to abolishing capitalism is debatable. Achieving this goal requires that private ownership of the means of production be eliminated. Learn more. The countries of China, Cuba, Vietnam, Laos, and North Korea are the existing countries typically identified as being communist. Absolute monarchy - a form of government where the monarch rules unhindered, i.e., without any laws, constitution, or legally organized opposition. The United Kingdom suspended its economic assistance and the United States used its influence to block loans from the IMF and the World Bank. The news media is under strict government control. Author of. Elimination of income inequality: In theory, by compensating each individual according to their need, gaps in income are eliminated. To save this word, you'll need to log in. It is also sometimes capitalized. Autocracy is a system of government in which absolute power over a state is concentrated in the hands of one person, whose decisions are subject neither to external legal restraints nor to regularized mechanisms of popular control (except perhaps for the implicit threat of a coup d'tat or other forms of rebellion ). The NJM launched an armed takeover of the radio station, police barracks, and various other key locations in Grenada while Gairy was on a trip outside the country. Some of the words that defined the week ending April 2, 2021, 'Communism,' 'encryption,' 'rotten borough,' 'doobie'. Modern China is widely regarded as a Communist nation. Most if not all communist movements have been in opposition to the idea of monarchy. The first is a transitional system in which the working class controls the government and economy yet still pays people according to how long, hard, or well they work. The English humanist Sir Thomas More extended this monastic communism in Utopia (1516), which describes an imaginary society in which money is abolished and people share meals, houses, and other goods in common. Any hint of political dissent is quickly and punitively crushed, with human rights violations commonplace. Democratic republic - a state in which the supreme power rests in the body of citizens entitled to vote for officers and representatives responsible to them. During World War II, the Soviet Union joined with other European communist and socialist regimes in fighting the fascist threat posed by Nazi Germany. This primitive communism generally disappears as the tribe progresses. The Royal Family at the State Opening of Parliament in the House of Lords at the Palace of Westminster. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. They were Cold War adversaries, the global icons of capitalism and communism. So what do these terms mean? Historically, communist states, such as the Soviet Union, were characterized by government control of most aspects of life. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Karl Marx used the terms interchangeably. For many, however, the difference can be seen in the two phases of communism as outlined by Marx. ThoughtCo, Aug. 26, 2021, thoughtco.com/what-is-communism-1779968. Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012. Communist - a system of government in which the state plans and controls the . Marx predicted that a fully realized form of communism following the overthrow of capitalism would result in a communal society free of class divisions or government, in which the production and distribution of goods would be based upon the principle From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs. Of his many followers, especially Russian revolutionary Vladimir Lenin adopted Marxs visions of a communist society. A group led by Deputy Prime Minister Bernard Coard, a hard-line militaristic element,[11] attempted to convince Bishop to enter into a power-sharing agreement with Coard. Specifically, their 1848 book The Communist Manifesto influenced many political thinkers and leaders. Chinese Communist Poster with Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin and Mao Zedong. At one time about one-third of the world's population lived under communist governments, most notably in the republics of the Soviet Union. Communist - a system of government in which the state plans and controls the economy and a single - often authoritarian - party holds power; state controls are imposed with the elimination of private ownership of property or capital while claiming to make progress toward a higher social order in which all goods are equally shared by the people Communism is often compared to or confused with socialism. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The most universally accepted definition of a monarchy is a system of government wherein one person rules the state -- either in theory or in fact. In his Socratic dialogue Republic, Plato describes an ideal state in which a ruling class of guardiansmainly philosophers and soldiersserves the needs of the whole community. Many analysts agreed that while the protests will result in few immediate changes to Cubas one-party communist rule, they put an unprecedented level of pressure on the government to speed up economic and social reforms. The production and distribution of goods is based upon the principle From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs.. (n.) The territory ruled over by a monarch; a kingdom. Under Joseph Stalin from 1927 to1953, and his successor Nikita Khrushchev from 1953 to 1964, the Soviet Communist Party prohibited all forms of dissent and took control of the commanding heights of the Soviet economy, including agriculture, banking, and all means of industrial production. As conceived by Lenin, democratic centralism allows party members to participate in political discussion and state opinions but compels them to follow the Communist Party line once a decision has been made. Juche promotes self-reliance and complete independence from the rest of the world. His boss, who he admires, is waiting to meet with him about the big project. Resnick and Wolff conclude that the war between pure communism and pure capitalism never happened. The New Jewel Movement (NJM) under the leadership of Maurice Bishop was the main opposition party in Grenada during the 1970s. It is also a federation of states. For example, the overly complex centralized planning system required the collection and analysis of enormous amounts of detailed economic data. The fascinating story behind many people's favori Test your vocabulary with our 10-question quiz! (2021, August 26). monarchy: [noun] undivided rule or absolute sovereignty by a single person. Lenin and the Bolshevik wing of the Russian Social-Democratic Workers Party reinforced this distinction in 1918, the year after they seized power in Russia, by taking the name All-Russian Communist Party. Ecclesiastical - a government administrated by a church. King Louis XIV (1643-1715) of France . 408), Remembering the Russian Priest Who Fought the Orthodox Church, Putins Hockey Pal Tells All: Slava Fetisov on Red Army, Soviet Nostalgia, and What Drives Putin, The Secret Soviet Power Bunkerin Latvia, a Hiding Place for the Elite, The Book of Life: Vol. During the Cold War, Soviet central economic Five Year Plans overemphasized industrial and military production, leading to chronic underproduction of consumer goods. Definition: (n.) A state or government in which the supreme power is lodged in the hands of a monarch. A unit from the PRA (People's Revolutionary Army) at Fort Frederick was dispatched to Fort Rupert. There is no difference - both members achieve status based on ties to noble ancestry. Growingly dissatisfied with six decades of shortages, corruption, and oppression, the Soviet people demanded reforms to the economic, social, and political system. By the end of the Gairy regime the economy was experiencing negative growth, per capita income was falling; when the PRG came to power, however, this quickly changed and the economy began to experience modest growth. Socialism - a government in which the means of planning, producing, and distributing goods is controlled by a central government that theoretically seeks a more just and equitable distribution of property and labor; in actuality, most socialist governments have ended up being no more than dictatorships over workers by a ruling elite. It is an authoritarian form of government where one person is in charge of enforcing and enacting the law. The Russian Revolution of 1917 was one of the most explosive political events of the 20th century. Confederacy (Confederation) - a union by compact or treaty between states, provinces, or territories, that creates a central government with limited powers; the constituent entities retain supreme authority over all matters except those delegated to the central government. In contrast, socialism assumes that social classes will inevitably exist and strives to minimize the differences between them. These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'communism.' On one side stood Hitler, fascism, the myth of German supremacy; on the other side stood Stalin, I grew up in an idyllic midwestern town in the 1950's, when America was obsessed with the threat of, Like me, he has lived his adult life in the context of the cold war. Contemporary communism was inspired in Western Europe by the Industrial Revolution of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. ): In 1949, Mao Zedong's Communist Party gained control of China, joining the Soviet Union as the world's second major Marxist-Leninist state. The clash between Communist nations and those that oppose Communism has led to wide scale conflicts, notably the Cold War. Relatedly, communism is often viewed as the opposite of capitalism. The word Communism is sometimes capitalized. Despite the incalculable human cost of his iron-fisted, authoritarian application of communism, Stalin transformed the Soviet Union from a backward country into a world superpower. Monarchy - a government in which the supreme power is lodged in the hands of a monarch who reigns over a state or territory, usually for life and by hereditary right; the monarch may be either a sole absolute ruler or a sovereign - such as a king, queen, or prince - with constitutionally limited authority. Since then, communism has been largely, if not exclusively, identified with the form of political and economic organization developed in the Soviet Union and adopted subsequently in the Peoples Republic of China and other countries ruled by communist parties. The PRG established close relations with the government of Cuba and, with Cuban assistance began construction of a large international airport. Religion inspired other early visions of communism. While Kim has instituted some minor reforms, North Koreas economy remains under the tight control of the ruling communist regime. Emirate - similar to a monarchy or sultanate, but a government in which the supreme power is in the hands of an emir (the ruler of a Muslim state); the emir may be an absolute overlord or a sovereign with constitutionally limited authority. In its violence, deprivation, and steel-fisted insistence on unquestioned adherence to the Communist Party line, Maos rule in China resembled that of Joseph Stalin. Notably, the Soviet Union was widely regarded as Communist (though its namethe Union of Soviet Socialist Republicsused the word socialist). The essence of an absolutist system is that the ruling power is not subject to regularized challenge or check by any other agency, be it judicial, legislative, religious, economic, or electoral. All political organizations except for the NJM were banned, and membership in the NJM was thereafter tightly controlled. In contrast, under a system of capitalism, the majority of property is privately purchased (with money) and owned, and the law protects the possession of it. Formally organized by Fidel Castro in 1965, the Communist Party of Cuba remains the only political party permitted to function in Cuba. It can also be used as an adjective to describe things involving communism or that operate under communism, such as countries or economies. [5], Internationally, Grenada was increasingly isolated. Communism is a political and economic system that seeks to create a classless society in which the major means of production, such as mines and factories, are owned and controlled by the public. Communism is associated with (and often developed from) the theoretical system of Marxism, in which socialism is considered a middle stage in the transition from capitalism to communism. While the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, China has drastically reformed its economic system to include many free-market elements of capitalism. In theory, under communism, all means of production are owned in common, rather than by individuals (see Marxism and Marxism-Leninism). Republic - a representative democracy in which the people's elected deputies (representatives), not the people themselves, vote on legislation. After the executions, a new government called the Revolutionary Military Council, led by General Hudson Austin, was formed to rule the country and the PRG ceased to exist. Today, the word communism usually refers to the political and economic ideologies originating from Karl Marx's theory of revolutionary socialism, which advocates a proletariat overthrow of capitalist structures within a society; societal and communal ownership and governance of the means of production; and the eventual establishment of a classless society. The PRG enjoyed widespread support under Maurice Bishop according to a report on a survey shortly after the United States invasion, "some 73.8 percent of the respondents stated that they felt that the PRG had very good support." In this system, the government is ruled by a . Maurice Bishop expressed his objective: "We are a small country, we are a poor country, with a population of largely African descent, we are a part of the exploited Third World, and we definitely have a stake in seeking the creation of a new international economic order which would assist in ensuring economic justice for the oppressed and exploited peoples of the world, and in ensuring that the resources of the sea are used for the benefit of all the people of the world and not for a tiny minority of profiteers". The removal of Bishop led to large popular demonstrations in different areas of the country. Communist parties have often used red flags. In the course of one of these demonstrations, Bishop was freed by the crowd, and eventually reached the PRA headquarters at Fort Rupert. Authoritarian - a form of government in which state authority is imposed onto many aspects of citizens' lives. Socialism vs. Capitalism: What Is the Difference? Politically, Communism does not allow for a democratic form of government. The ideology of communism was developed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in 1848. Communism is a political, social, and economic ideology that advocates the replacement of private ownership and profit-based economies with a classless economic system under which the means of productionbuildings, machinery, tools, and laborare communally owned, with private ownership of property either prohibited or severely limited by the state. Delivered to your inbox! Nevertheless, the Bishop government's tendency to marginalize the Church's role in education contributed to the deterioration of relations with the clergy. II Love and Society. The first Christians practiced a simple kind of communismas described in Acts 4:3237, for exampleboth as a form of solidarity and as a way of renouncing worldly possessions. Repression: In keeping with the principle of democratic centralism, political opposition and economic freedom are prohibited or repressed. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced searchad free! The People's Revolutionary Government (PRG) was proclaimed on 13 March 1979 after the MarxistLeninist New Jewel Movement overthrew the government of Grenada in a revolution, making Grenada the only socialist state within the Commonwealth. By abolishing revenue, interest income, profit, income inequality, and socioeconomic class friction is eliminated, and the distribution of wealth is accomplished on a just and fair basis. The device killed three people and wounded 25. Some examples are democracy, communism, dictatorship, monarchy and republic.

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